History Of French Revolution
Friends, welcome all of you to our another video full of interesting information. Today we are going to discuss in detail about the French Revolution. It is important for us to know about the French Revolution because it was the first revolution due to which voting was started in French, that is, after this the people got the right to choose their government by voting. Before this, only the king’s son was going to become the king. Many incidents took place to get this right to vote and many people even lost their lives. So without wasting much time, let us try to understand the French Revolution properly.
Before starting the video, please give a like. For this we will have to go to the 18th century when French was dominated by kings. In 1774, Louis V was installed on the throne of the Bourbon royal family. At that time Louis was only 20 years old. He was married to Princess Marie Antoinette of Australia. Due to the war going on for a long time, the king’s treasury was gradually becoming empty. In such a situation, the King of France needed a lot of money to run the kingdom properly. On the other hand, during the reign of Louis, help was given to liberate 13 colonies of America from Britain.
Due to which France had incurred a debt of one billion Euros and France already had a debt of two billion Euros. Now demands started coming from the borrowers to recover the loan at the rate of 10% interest. King Louis was facing a huge financial crisis. To run the kingdom properly. The expenses of soldiers, expenses of schools, expenses of government works etc. were causing serious concern to the king. After that, to overcome this problem, King Louis of France decided to increase the public taxes.
As a result, at that time the citizens of France were divided into three classes. The first class, which was called allergy, included people who worked in the church. The second class was called Novelty, which included kings and people from royal families, and the remaining people came in the third class, which included businessmen, farmers, laborers, lawyers, etc. That means the general public was kept in the third category. 90% of the people in France were farmers.
This did not mean that they had much land. 60% of the total land was owned by the first and second class people only. The third class, who owned the remaining land, were richer than the rest. Now people of the first and second classes were living peacefully because they did not have to pay any kind of tax. Whereas the people of the third class had to pay all types of taxes. Farmers sent 10% of their crops to the Church as tax, which was also called religious tax. Apart from this, tax was also imposed by the king on the items used in daily life like food items, salt etc.
In this way the king had put the burden of all the debt on the public and it was paid by the people of the third class i.e. the poorest class. Apart from this, there was another problem in France and that was the increasing population. The total population of France in 1715 was 2.3 crores, which increased to 2.8 crores in 1799. As the population was increasing, the demand was also increasing, which was becoming a big problem for the king. This did not affect the first and second class people but the third class people were facing starvation-like conditions.
This was also opposed by the public but due to lack of money, lack of education etc. the voice of the public was suppressed. But gradually with the passage of time, people became wise and got education. People started coming up with new ideas. People’s income also increased. After which they came to know that they were being wronged by the king. Educated people believed that people should get their rights not on the basis of their birth but on the basis of their merit in the society.
Later, a philosopher named John Locke strongly condemned such a government or king in his book. At the same time, he says in his opinion that there should be a society in which everyone has freedom and the law should be equal for everyone. Moreover, the government should also listen to the general public. Now friends, taxes had already increased and on top of that, inflation was also increasing in France, which had broken the back of a poor man.
Only the third class people were suffering the consequences of this. Now after this the public lost their temper and stood against the king and the revolution started from here. On the other hand, the king’s storehouse had become empty. Debtors were also demanding, due to which taxes were increased by King Louis. But let us tell you that according to the ancient monarchy, no king could increase the tax as per his wish.
For this, he had to call a meeting of the State General and take approval on the proposals for new tax. Let us tell you that the State General was a political body in which all three classes sent their representatives. Only after which any decision was taken. This meeting was last called in 1614. After which a meeting was again called by King Louis in 1799 to increase a tax. In this meeting, 300 representatives were sent from the first and second class and 600 representatives were sent by the third class i.e. the poor class.
But farmers and artisans were not allowed inside. After which he wrote his complaints and demands in about four thousand pages and sent them. Now the rule here was that only one vote was given from each of the three categories. But this time it was not acceptable to the third class people. He wanted the entire assembly to vote instead of taking the decision by just three votes and only then the decision should be taken.
But this proposal was not acceptable to King Louis, due to which the people of the third class go back disappointed. After this, it was decided by them that they will continue to protest until a constitution is prepared in which the power of the king is reduced. They had declared themselves a National Assembly. Its two leaders were made. The first was Mira View and the second was Abhay Sears. Both of them led this assembly.
On the other hand, there was severe cold in France, due to which most of the people’s crops were ruined and there was difficulty in eating and drinking. This problem had increased so much that people started snatching food and other goods from shops. When news of this reached the king, King Louis sent his army among the people. Now as soon as the army arrived in the city, an angry mob of people attacked the nearby fort. Because a rumor was spread among the public that the king had sent soldiers from outside to destroy our crops, although people were already angry at the king because of the taxes.
Were. Now in such a situation this rumor added fuel to the fire. People destroyed many government offices. What’s more, the third class people also burnt many tax documents. Ultimately, seeing the increased power of the opposition, the king recognized the National Assembly. Let us tell you that the National Assembly was formed by the third class people who were working in the interest of the people.
On August 4, 1799, an order was passed by the National Assembly in which the first class of people were told that 10% of the farmers’ crops going to the Church, which was actually a tax, would be stopped and all the land owned by the people would be confiscated. What has been appropriated in the name of the Church will also be returned. The government benefited from this to the tune of two billion euros. After this, the National Assembly prepared a new constitution in 1791, which reduced the power of the king and divided the government into three parts.
First is the Legislative which makes laws, the second is the Executive. Its job is to see whether the laws or rules made are being followed properly or not. And the third is Judiciary which is for giving punishment and taking decisions. Friends, according to the system created by the National Assembly in 1791, only people above 25 years of age who are mail can cast their vote. People used to elect a judge by voting in it and together they elected 50 thousand electors and out of these 50 thousand, 745 members were formed for the National Assembly and these members together elected the king and also controlled him.
Along with this, the ministers were also controlled by the assembly members, due to which people got the benefits of freedom of speech, right to life, freedom of opinion, equal law etc. Later, many other incidents took place in France which we will consider in brief. Grievances of the general public were conveyed to the Assembly by a club. On August 10, the Jacobin Club stormed the king’s palace and captured the king, and on September 21, 1792, the monarchy was abolished by the National Assembly and the new republican system began. That means the system of voting was started.
Now France had completely become a republic and on January 21, 1793, the captured King Louis was declared a traitor and he was beheaded and given death sentence and in this way a revolution took place in France from monarchy to republic. Well, friends, even after this many things happened in France like the main leader of the assembly becoming corrupt and then he was given death sentence. Napoleon’s dominance in the future, his subsequent defeat, etc.
Anyway, see you again with the powerful explanation of the History.
